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Ethereum proof of stake migration details and how it changes everything

Ethereum proof of stake migration changes everything.

The “Merge” shifted the Ethereum blockchain from the proof-of-work (PoW) consensus mechanism to a proof-of-stake (PoS) model intended to be faster and more energy efficient. But adjusting the second-largest blockchain from one system to another is an incredibly complex, multi-step process. It’s important that each decision be assessed thoroughly. We’ll take you through the reasons and various stages leading to the protocol’s new chapter.

In addition to the transition to Proof-of-Stake, The Merge included multiple upgrades to how the Ethereum network operates. Many of these upgrades make pre-chain data more important than ever when navigating a post-Merge world to ensure your users can transact with confidence.

After the merge, you’ll eventually be able to run smart contracts on mainnet Ethereum using proof of stake rather than proof of work. You’ll also be able to withdraw any ETH you’ve staked on Ethereum 2.0. You won’t be able to do this right after the merge, however. You’ll have to wait for yet another post-merge upgrade, which the Ethereum Foundation—the organization that oversees the development of the Ethereum blockchain—expects will happen “very soon” after the merge.

Proof of stake migration timeline.

The PoS-powered blockchain, unlike the proof-of-work or PoW-based blockchain, bundles 32 blocks of transactions during each round of validation, which lasts on average 6.4 minutes. “Epochs” are the names given to these groups of blocks. When the blockchain adds two additional epochs after it, it is considered irreversible i.e., an epoch is considered finalized.

The third and final public testnet completed a “practice run” of the Merge and successfully moved to proof-of-stake when the Terminal Total Difficulty (TTD) exceeded 10,790,000. This followed the Bellatrix upgrade to Goerli’s beacon chain, Prater, which was activated on Aug. 4.

The merge itself took around 12 minutes to come into effect, with the success of the event signaled by the network successfully proposing and approving new blocks of transactions under the proof-of-stake consensus mechanism. The Ethereum network missed just one block during the transition and, after 12 minutes and 48 seconds, successfully reached finality.

What Proof of stake means for Ethereum

Proof-of-stake is a cryptocurrency consensus mechanism for processing transactions and creating new blocks in a blockchain. A consensus mechanism is a method for validating entries into a distributed database and keeping the database secure. In the case of cryptocurrency, the database is called a blockchain—so the consensus mechanism secures the blockchain.

Proof-of-stake is designed to reduce network congestion and environmental sustainability concerns surrounding the proof-of-work (PoW) protocol. Proof-of-work is a competitive approach to verifying transactions, which naturally encourages people to look for ways to gain an advantage, especially since monetary value is involved.

Proof of stake (PoS) is a class of blockchain consensus algorithms in which validators vote on the next block before adding it to the chain. Proof of stake is considered an improvement over the proof-of-work algorithm thanks to its resource efficiency, eco-friendliness and better decentralization parameters: to join staking, there is no need to purchase expensive mining equipment.

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Major U.S. airlines warn 5G could ground some planes, wreak havoc and other health and technical problems

WASHINGTON, Jan 17 (Reuters) – The chief executives of major U.S. passenger and cargo carriers on Monday warned of an impending “catastrophic” aviation crisis in less than 36 hours, when AT&T (T.N) and Verizon (VZ.N) are set to deploy new 5G service.

The airlines warned the new C-Band 5G service set to begin on Wednesday could render a significant number of widebody aircraft unusable, “could potentially strand tens of thousands of Americans overseas” and cause “chaos” for U.S. flights.

“Unless our major hubs are cleared to fly, the vast majority of the traveling and shipping public will essentially be grounded,” wrote the chief executives of American Airlines (AAL.O), Delta Air Lines (DAL.N), United Airlines , Southwest Airlines (LUV.N) and others in a letter first reported by Reuters.

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has warned that potential interference could affect sensitive airplane instruments such as altimeters and significantly hamper low-visibility operations.

“This means that on a day like yesterday, more than 1,100 flights and 100,000 passengers would be subjected to cancellations, diversions or delays,” the letter cautioned.

Airlines late on Monday were considering whether to begin canceling some international flights that are scheduled to arrive in the United States on Wednesday.

“With the proposed restrictions at selected airports, the transportation industry is preparing for some service disruption. We are optimistic that we can work across industries and with government to finalize solutions that safely mitigate as many schedule impacts as possible,” plane maker Boeing (BA.N) said on Monday.

Action is urgent, the airlines added in the letter also signed by UPS Airlines (UPS.N), Alaska Air (ALK.N), Atlas Air (AAWW.O), JetBlue Airways and FedEx Express (FDX.N). “To be blunt, the nation’s commerce will grind to a halt.”

The letter went to White House National Economic Council director Brian Deese, Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg, FAA Administrator Steve Dickson and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel.

Airlines for America, the group that organized the letter, declined to comment. The FAA said it “will continue to ensure that the traveling public is safe as wireless companies deploy 5G. The FAA continues to work with the aviation industry and wireless companies to try to limit 5G-related flight delays and cancellations.” (source https://www.reuters.com/technology/exclusive-major-us-airline-ceos-urge-action-avoid-catastrophic-5g-flight-2022-01-17/ )

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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE November 11 – 13, 2021 EDUCATION AND CREATIVITY FOR A KNOWLEDGE BASED SOCIETY (15TH EDITION)

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

„TITU MAIORESCU” UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST Institute for Studies, Research, Development and Innovation
Calea Văcăreşti no. 187, Sector 4, Bucharest

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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

November 11 – 13, 2021

EDUCATION AND CREATIVITY FOR A KNOWLEDGE BASED SOCIETY (15TH EDITION)

PROGRAMME

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PRESIDENT OF THE CONFERENCE

• Prof. univ. dr. DANIEL COCHIOR – Rectorul Universităţii Titu Maiorescu din București

VICE-PRESIDENTS

• Prof.univ.dr. IOSIF R. URS – Preşedintele Consiliului de Administraţie, Universitatea Titu Maiorescu din București
• Prof.univ.dr. TITI PARASCHIV – Prorector pentru cercetare ştiinţifică, Universitatea Titu Maiorescu din București
• Prof.univ.dr. IRINEL POPESCU – Preşedintele Academiei de Ştiinţe Medicale, Directorul Institutului de Cercetări Ştiinţifice Medicale „Nicolae Cajal”, Universitatea Titu Maiorescu din București

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

• Prof. univ. dr. DANIEL COCHIOR – Rectorul Universităţii Titu Maiorescu
• Prof. univ. dr. IOSIF R. URS – Preşedintele Consiliului de Administraţie, Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Prof. univ. dr. VALENTIN PAU – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Prof. univ. dr. SMARANDA ANGHENI – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Prof.univ. dr. DUMITRU GHEORGHIU – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Prof.univ.dr. TITI PARASCHIV – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Prof. univ. dr. TEODOR FRUNZETI – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Conf. univ. dr. IOANA MÂNEA – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Prof.univ.dr. IRINEL POPESCU – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Prof.univ.dr. DAN FLORIN UNGUREANU – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Prof. univ. dr. HANS LENK – Universitatea din Karlsruhe (Germania)
• Prof. univ. dr. MIRCEA MARTIN – Universitatea din Kansas (SUA)
• Prof. univ. dr. DAN GHEORGHE TECUCI – Universitatea din Texas, Austin (SUA)
• Prof. univ. dr. DORIN COMĂNICIU – Universitatea Princeton (SUA)
• Dr. FABIAN FEHLAUER – Strahlenzentrum Hamburg (Germania)
• Dr. SEBASTIAN NICOLĂESCU – Verizon Bussines, New York (SUA)
• Dr. EUSEBIU CATANĂ – Universitatea Liberă Bruxelles (Belgia)
• Prof. emerit JOEL MONEGER, PhD – Universite Paris Dauphine (Franţa)
• Prof. CLAUDIA LEMARCHAND-GHICA, PhD – Université Paris XII (Franţa)
• Prof. ERNEST NOMAK, PhD – University of Social Sciences, Warszawa (Polonia)
• Prof. NACHUM SOMET, PhD – Harvard University (SUA)
• Prof. univ. dr. ing. ALEXANDRU-ADRIAN BADEA – Preşedinte, Academia Oamenilor de Știință din România • Prof. univ. dr. HORAȚIU MOLDOVAN – Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie “Carol Davila” București
• Prof. univ. dr. VIOREL IULIAN TĂNASE – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Prof. univ. dr. SORIN IVAN – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Prof. univ. dr. IONICA ONCIOIU – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Conf. univ. dr. IUSTIN PRIESCU – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Conf. univ. dr. MANUELA TĂBĂRAŞ – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Conf. univ. dr. ELENA RUSU – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Conf. univ. dr. ANNA MARIA PANGICĂ – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Conf. univ. dr. ROXANA COLETTE SANDULOVICI – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Prof. univ. dr. CARMEN SILVIA PARASCHIV – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Prof. univ. dr. VICTOR COSTACHE – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Lector univ. dr. LIVIU MARTIN – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Lector univ. dr. CRISTIAN DRĂGHICI – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu

PROGRAM COMMITTEE

• Prof.univ.dr. Alexandru BOROI – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu • Conf. univ. dr. Ioana DUCA – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Conf. univ. dr. Daniela JOIŢA – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Conf.univ.dr. George DAVID – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu

• Conf. univ. dr. Petru Mihai CRAIOVAN – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Conf. univ. dr. Raluca Monica COMĂNEANU – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu • Conf. univ. dr. Ion MIRCIOIU – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Lector univ. dr. Cosmin Alec MOLDOVAN – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

• C.S. II dr. fiz. Camelia PETRESCU – Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Ana Maria PERPELEA – Director Departament IT, Universitatea Titu Maiorescu • Elena NEAGU – Şef Serviciu Economic, Universitatea Titu Maiorescu
• Crinu RUSĂNESCU – Şef Serviciu Administrativ, Universitatea Titu Maiorescu

GENERAL SECRETARIAT

• Prof. univ. dr. Dan POSTOLEA – Secretar ştiinţific, Institutul de Studii, Cercetare, Dezvoltare şi Inovare • Elena PANĂ – Director Cabinet Rector
• Simona BOGDEA – Secretar Vicepreşedinte Consiliu de Administraţie

GENERAL PROGRAMME (Live transmission on www.utm.ro and on the channels of Facebook and Youtube)

Thursday, November 11, 2021 and Friday, November 12, 2021

12.00 – 16.00 Section Lectures
The works will take place online, using the Microsoft Teams platform, which works on any device (phone, laptop, tablet) and on any operating system (Windows, Android, IOS).

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Thursday, November 11, 2021

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10.00 – 11.00 Plenum Lectures

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SECTIONS LECTURES

Section 1 Law Subsection A Moderators:

Subsection B

Moderators:

Assoc. Prof. Manuela TĂBĂRAȘ, PhD Assoc. Prof. Maria Beatrice BERNA, PhD Lecturer Ioan MORARIU, PhD

SECTIONS WORKING

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Section 6 Medicine Moderators:

Prof. Dan POSTOLEA, PhD

Prof. Dan Florin UNGUREANU, PhD Prof. Dan MĂNĂSTIREANU, PhD

Assoc. Prof. Felicia MAXIM, PhD
Assoc. Prof. Andreea Simona UZLĂU, PhD Asist. Iulia Elena NISTOR, PhD

Section 2
Economic Sciences
Moderators: Prof. Ionica ONCIOIU, PhD

Assoc. Prof. Ioana DUCA, PhD

Section 3
Computer Science
Moderators: Assoc. Prof. Iustin PRIESCU, PhD

Assoc. Prof. Daniela JOIŢA, PhD

Section 4
Psychology
Moderators: Prof. Viorel Iulian TĂNASE, PhD

Assoc. Prof. Petru Mihai CRAIOVAN, PhD

Section 5
Brain Computer Interface. Measurements in the Technical and Social Field Moderators: Prof. Titi PARASCHIV, PhD

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Section 7
Dental Medicine
Moderators: Assoc. Prof. Anca Iuliana POPESCU, PhD

Lecturer Andreea Mariana BĂNĂȚEANU , PhD Assistent Oana HRISTACHE, PhD

Section 8
Pharmacy
Moderators: Assoc. Prof. Roxana Colette SANDULOVICI, PhD

Lecturer Carmen Marinela MIHĂILESCU, PhD

Section 9
Communication, International Relations, Language, Culture and Civilization Moderators: Prof. Sorin IVAN, PhD

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Prof. Teodor FRUNZETI, PhD

PROGRAM WORKS Thursday, November 11, 2021

Plenum Lectures (10.00 – 11.00)

  1. Prof. DANIEL COCHIOR, PhD – Titu Maiorescu University, Rector, Opening word.
  2. OCTAVIANA MARINCAȘ, PhD Eng. – Senior counselor, Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization, “New inside for the

    financial opportunities in to the present programming period – synergy and complementarities”.

  3. Prof. TUDOR VIOREL ȚIGĂNESCU, PhD – Commander, Military Equipment and Technologies Research Agency (METRA), “New

    trends in dual use technologies”.

  4. Prof. TITI PARASCHIV, PhD, – Titu Maiorescu University, Vice-rector for scientific research, „Directions in the use of data science

    in research”.

  5. Messages from government institutions, universities and research institutes in the country and abroad.

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Subsection A Moderators:

Thursday, November 11, 2021 (13.00 – 16.00)

Assoc. Prof. Manuela TĂBĂRAȘ, PhD Assoc. Prof. Maria Beatrice BERNA, PhD Lecturer Ioan MORARIU, PhD

Section Lectures

SECTION 1

Law

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1.1 Manuela TĂBĂRAŞ, Assoc. Professor PhD, THE TIP OF THE ICEBERG OF PARENTAL PROTECTION IN THE PROCEDURE OF NOTARY DIVORCE.

1.2 Cristian DRĂGHICI, Lecturer Ph.D, AFFECTIO SOCIETATISAND THE EXCLUSION OF THE ASSOCIATE FROM THE COMPANY.
1.3 Mihai-Raul SECULA, PhD assistant professor, SIGNIFICANT NON-PERFORMANCE OF THE CONTRACT, CONDITION OF TERMINATION.
1.4 Carmen TODICĂ, Assoc. Prof. PhD, RESPONSIBILITY OF THE DIRECTOR IN THE MERGER OR DIVISION PHASE OF THE COMPANY. SANCTIONS APPLICABLE ACCORDING TO THE CIVIL CODE.
1.5 Mircea TUTUNARU, Associate Professor, PhD, CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING CUSTOM AND ITS ROLE AS A SOURCE OF LAW.
1.6 Maria Beatrice BERNA, Assistant Professor PhD., Crina Andreea MAXIM, student, A PLEA FOR DIGNITY AT THE WORKPLACE: FROM THE INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANISATION’S ASPIRATIONS TO THE LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN DOMESTIC LAW.
1.7 Luiza-Florentina CURELUȘĂ, PhD Candidate, REFUGEES – A CONTEMPORANEITY ISSUE.
1.8 Remus IONESCU, Lecturer PhD, SOME CONSIDERATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH THE DISJUNCTIONOF CASES BY THE PRELIMINARY CHAMBER JUDGE.
1.9 Ileana-Denisa ȘTIRBULESCU, PhD Student, THE GREEN CERTIFICATE AND THE EFFECTS ON THE RIGHT TO WORK. ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN ROMANIA AND OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES.
1.10 Valentin-Stelian BĂDESCU, PhD, THE FRAGILE PERMANENCE OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS IN EXCEPTIONAL SITUATIONS.

Subsection B Moderators:

Friday, November 12, 2021 (13.00 – 16.00)

Assoc. Prof. Felicia MAXIM, PhD
Assoc. Prof. Andreea Simona UZLĂU, PhD Asist. Iulia Elena NISTOR, PhD

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1.11 Felicia MAXIM,

Assoc. Professor PhD, Elena-Alexandra ANDREI, student, COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTION ON PREVENTING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONVENTION PROVISIONS BY ROMANIA. 1.12 Alexandru BOROI, Professor, PhD, Georgian TOMA, Asist. PhD, BRIEF CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE EVOLUTION OF

ALTERNATIVES TO PRISON SENTENCE IN ROMANIAN CRIMINAL LAW.
1.13 Nadia-Elena DODESCU, Assistant Professor PhD, DELIMITATION OF CRIMES OF TRAFFICKING IN PIMPS.
1.14 Romulus MOREGA, Lecturer, PhD, ALFLOAREI Andreea, Jr. drd., THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING TRANSNATIONAL CRIME IN ROMANIA AND BULGARIA.
1.15 Ion PĂDUCEL, Associate Professor, PhD, THE ISSUE OF CRIMINAL LEGISLATION APPLICABLE TO LEGAL EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIPS IN THE CURRENT CONTEXT.
1.16 Michaela Loredana TEODORESCU, Lecturer PhD, ,,PANDEMIC” CHALLENGES IN THE JUDICIAR AREA.
1.17 Costela DUMITRACHE, PhD, Adinan HALIL, PhD, CRITICAL OBSERVATIONS REGARDING SOME AMENDMENTS TO THE PENAL CODE BY LAW 217/2020.
1.18 Bogdan-Mihai DUMITRU, PhD student, THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS REGARDING THE PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE.
1.19 Ioana Ruxandra MĂLĂESCU, PhD, THE CONTENT OF THE REPORT DRAWN UP ON THE FLAGRANT CRIME AND THE PRIVILEGE AGAINST SELF-INCRIMINATION.
1.20 Iulian-Constantin MĂNĂILESCU, PhD Candidate, Cezar PEȚA, Prof. PhD, LEGISLATIVE ASPECTS ON PREVENTING AND COMBATING BIOLOGICAL TERRORISM.
1.21 Cezarina MORARU, PhD Candidate, Marcela RADU, Magistrate Assistant, SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON INTERNATIONAL JUDICIAL COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS BETWEEN ROMANIA AND THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AS OF 1 JANUARY2021 WITH REFERENCE TO THE INSTITUTION OF THE EUROPEAN ARREST WARRANT.
1.22 Vasile POPA, PhD student, CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE INSTITUTION OF THE INSTRUCTION JUDGE IN THE LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA.

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COMBATING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE-

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1.23 Bogdan VÎRJAN, Assistant Professor, PhD., SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE MEANING OF THE NOTION OF POLICEMAN ACCORDING TO DECISION NO. 19/2020 PRONOUNCED BY HCCJ – THE PANEL FOR RESOLVING LEGAL ISSUES IN CRIMINAL MATTERS AND FOR RESPECTING THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGALITY OF INCRIMINATION.
1.24 Alexandru POROF, Public Prosecutor PhD, Iulia-Elena NISTOR, Assistant Professor, PhD, CONSIDERATIONSON THE ENFORCEMENT OF LAWNR. 302/2004 ON THE JUDICIAL COOPERATION, REPUBLISHED, WITH ITS SUBSEQUENTAMENDMENTS, FOLLOWING THE WITHDRAWAL OF THE UNITED KINGDOM FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION.

Thursday, November 11, 2021 (12.00 – 15.00)

Moderators: Prof. Ionica ONCIOIU, PhD Assoc. Prof. Ioana DUCA, PhD

SECTION 2

Economic Sciences

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2.1 Marin CIUMAG, Assoc. Prof. PhD., Anca CIUMAG, Ec. PhD., DOCUMENTARY VERIFICATION – FORM OF FISCAL CONTROL.
2.2 Grigore LUPULESCU, Associate Professor, PhD, Marian-Lucian ACHIM, Associate Professor, PhD, APPROACHES TO INCOME AND EXPENDITURE BUDGETING IN PRIVATE EDUCATION UNIVERSITIES.
2.3 Alice-Dalina MATEI-CERNĂIANU, Lecturer, PhD, Nicolae CERNĂIANU, Lecturer, PhD, Valentin STEGĂROIU, Lecturer, PhD, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MANAGEMNET: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES.
2.4 Ion NEAMŢU, Associate Professor, PhD, Radu-Ionuţ NEAMŢU, Univ. Assist. PhD, DEFLECTION OF COMBUSTION GASES RESULTING FROM FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION.
2.5 Teodora VĂTUIU, Assoc. Prof. PhD, Bianca Aida SURUPĂCEANU, Assistant PhD, THE IMPORTANCE OF KNOWLEDGE OF ENGLISH IN THE CURRENT CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION.
2.6 Teodora VĂTUIU, Assoc. Prof. PhD, Bianca Aida SURUPĂCEANU, Assistant PhD, USE OF SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS FOR AUTOMATIC TRANSLATION OF ECONOMIC TEXTS.
2.7 Teodora VĂTUIU, Assoc. Prof. PhD, Ioana CATRINA, Lecturer PhD, Silviu Adrian IANA, PhD Student, USE OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN THE STUDY OF CAPITAL MARKET DYNAMICS IN THE CURRENT ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONTEXT.
2.8 Teodora VĂTUIU, Assoc. Prof. PhD, Traian IANA, Lecturer PhD, Silviu Adrian IANA, PhD Student, THE IMPORTANCE OF DIGITALIZATION AND THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PANDEMIC CAUSED BY THE NEW CORONAVIRUS.
2.9 Iliana Maria ZANFIR, PhD student, Miruna Angela MUTU, PhD student, Bogdan Nicolae ISTRATE, PhD student, DESIGN OF THE ACCOUNTING INFORMATION FLOW.

SECTION 3

Computer Science

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Thursday, November 11, 2021 (12.00 – 15.00)

Moderators: Assoc. Prof. Iustin PRIESCU, PhD Assoc. Prof. Daniela JOIŢA, PhD

3.1 Mironela PÎRNĂU, Assoc. Prof., PhD, Daniela JOIȚA, Assoc. Prof., PhD, Iustin PRIESCU, Assoc. Prof., PhD, Tudor Cătălin APOSTOLESCU, Assoc. Prof., PhD, GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ON VULNERABILITY MANAGEMENT IN RAPID7 NEXPOSE.
3.2 Viorel IONESCU, Associate Prof., Ph.D., Mihai POPESCU, Associate Prof., Ph.D., USING MICROSOFT R SERVICES IN SQL SERVER DATABASES.

3.3 Dan Laurenţiu GRECU, Lecturer PhD, Bogdan RADU, Masterand – promotion 2020, PUBLISHING A CYBER SECURITY APPLICATION IN CLOUD.
3.4 Radu MOINESCU, PhD Student, Ciprian RĂCUCIU, Prof. PhD, Dragoș GLĂVAN, PhD Student, Sergiu EFTIMIE, PhD Student, TRENDS IN CYBER ATTACKS DURING THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC.

3.5 Radu MOINESCU, PhD Student, Ciprian RĂCUCIU, Prof. PhD, Dragoș GLĂVAN, PhD Student, Sergiu EFTIMIE, PhD Student, ZERO TRUST, AN OBSTACLE NOT TOO DIFFICULT TO AVOID BY CYBER THREATS.
3.6 Mirela STOICA, PhD Student, Ciprian RĂCUCIU, Prof. PhD, AUDIO STEGANOGRAPHY IN TRANSFORM DOMAIN: A SURVEY.

Thursday, November 11, 2021 (12.00 – 15.00)

Moderators: Prof. Viorel Iulian TĂNASE, PhD
Assoc. Prof. Petru Mihai CRAIOVAN, PhD

SECTION 4

Psychology

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4.1 Viorel Iulian TĂNASE, Petru CRAIOVAN, Diandra Ștefania MIRCEA, STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF CYBERBULLYING ON THE LEVEL OF ANXIETY.
4.2 Viorel Iulian TĂNASE, Oana MATEESCU, Iulian IPATE, Mirela SIMA, BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATION OF ADOLESCENTS TO THE ONLINE ENVIRONMENT DURING THE COVID PANDEMIC PERIOD 19.

4.3 Titi PARASCHIV, Cosmin POPESCU, THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF SUICIDE AS A PHENOMENON IN THE MILITARY SYSTEM.
4.4 Titi PARASCHIV, Oana MATEESCU, Cristina-Violeta VOICILĂ, THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON DISADAPTIVE EATING BEHAVIOR.
4.5 Elena ANGHEL STĂNILĂ, PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS FOR A HEALTHY SYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN A PANDEMIC CONTEXT.
4.6 Barbara CRĂCIUN, THE ROLE OF THE COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL PROCESS IN OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER.
4.7 Odette DIMITRIU, SUICIDAL PATIENTS – A CHALLENGE FOR CLINICIANS.
4.8 Valentina NEACŞU, Cristina COLOTELO, PSYCHOTHERAPY FROM FACE-TO-FACE TO ONLINE SESSIONS DURING COVID-19 OUTBREAK.
4.9 Ruxandra Victoria PARASCHIV, Eftihița CRĂCIUN, Cristian Ştefan MANEA, Dana PUIU, PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL EFFECTS OF ONLINE ACTIVITY.
4.10 Ruxandra Victoria PARASCHIV, Cristian Ştefan MANEA, Eftihița C RĂCIUN, Maria LAŞCU, STUDY ON THE EDUCATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF ONLINE PLATFORMS.
4.11 Florentina TONIŢA, USING PSYCHODRAMA IN SPORT PSYCHOLOGY.
4.12 Alina ZAHARIA, THE IMPACT OF PROFESSIONAL LIFE ON THE QUALITY OF PERSONAL LIFE.

4.13 Iulian IPATE, MEANS OF ANALYSING HUMAN COGNITION.
4.14 Iulian IPATE, THE CONCEPT OF FALSE MEMORIES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY.

SECTION 5

Brain Computer Interface. Measurements in the Technical and Social Field

Thursday, November 11, 2021 (12.00 – 15.00)

Moderators: Prof. Titi PARASCHIV, PhD Prof. Dan POSTOLEA, PhD

5.1 Titi PARASCHIV, Prof. PhD., Dan POSTOLEA, Prof. PhD, Camelia PETRESCU, CS II PhD, DATA SCIENCE AND CLASSICAL SCIENCES.
5.2 Titi PARASCHIV, Prof. PhD., Cosmin BĂNICĂ, Assoc. Prof. PhD, Ruxandra Victoria PARASCHIV, Lecturer PhD., DESIGN OF A SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING AND INTERPRETING PERSONAL BEHAVIOR IN CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES (VISIND).
5.3 Titi PARASCHIV, Prof. PhD., Dan POSTOLEA, Prof. PhD, Camelia PETRESCU, CS II PhD, THE HUMAN-MACHINE-ENVIRONMENT SYSTEM. 5.4 Titi PARASCHIV, Prof. PhD., Vasile Daniel AVRAM, PhD. Candidate, Octavian Constantin GRIGOROIU, PhD. Candidate, Ionuț Cătălin PREDESCU, PhD. Candidate, Ştefan Emil IONESCU, PhD. Candidate, BIG DATA AND SCIENTIFIC METHOD.
5.5 Dan POSTOLEA, Prof. PhD, Vasile Daniel AVRAM, PhD. Candidate, Octavian Constantin GRIGOROIU, PhD. Candidate, THEORETICAL DESIGN OF DATA SCIENCE.
5.6 Simona POP, Prof. PhD PhD, Titi PARASCHIV, Prof. PhD., HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS IN MEDICINE.
5.7 Tudor Ştefan ALEXANDRESCU, medical student, Teodora DIAMANDESCU, medical student, Camelia PETRESCU, CS II PhD, 3D PRINTING IN MEDICAL PRACTICE.
5.8 Alexandru-Marius DUMITRESCU, medical student, Raluca-Mihaela DRAGĂ, medical student, Camelia PETRESCU, CS II PhD, EFFECTS OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL RADIATION ON THE HUMAN GENOME.
5.9 Ruxandra Victoria PARASCHIV, Lecturer PhD., Andra-Carmen RUSU, Psychologist, PSYCHOINFORMATIONAL ASPECTS OF THE IMPACT OF CONSUMPTION ON SOCIAL NETWORKS ON BODY IMAGE.
5.10 Tudor-Viorel ȚIGĂNESCU, Prof. PhD., Octavian Constantin GRIGOROIU, PhD. Candidate, Ionuț Cătălin PREDESCU, PhD. Candidate, Ştefan Emil IONESCU, PhD. Candidate, BIG DATA AND BIG DATA ANALYTICS.
5.11 Ştefan Emil IONESCU, PhD. Candidate, Titi PARASCHIV, Prof. PhD., BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE, PROPOSALS FOR A LOW-NOISE APPROACH.
5.12 Adriana MANOLACHE, PhD Candidate, Daniel COCHIOR, Prof. PhD., Dan Florin UNGUREANU, Prof. PhD., Cosmin MOLDOVAN, Lecturer PhD., IMPACT IN SURGERY OF DIGITALIZED CLINICAL RISKS.

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SECTION 6

Medicine

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Thursday, November 11, 2021 (12.00 – 15.00)

Moderators: Prof. Dan Florin UNGUREANU, PhD Prof. Dan MĂNĂSTIREANU, PhD

6.1 UNGUREANU Dan Florin, Prof. PhD, Geanina-Florina RADU- ȘEICARU, PhD Candidate, PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF SURGICAL PATIENTS WITH MAJOR DISABILITIES – AMPUTATION IN BOTH MEMBERS, NEOPLASM AND COVID.
6.2 Liviu MARTIN, Lecturer PhD, Dan Gheorghe MĂLĂESCU, Prof. PhD, Adrian MIȚĂ, primary doctor, Marius STANCU, ATI specialist, Adi na MARTIN, pharmacist, CONVERSION TO LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY – A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.

6.3 Jean CIUREA MD, PhD, Tatiana CIUREA, PhD, KONCZ Ela Karina, Student, FURTUNĂ Oana Sânziana, Student, NICOLAE Călin, Student, PRODĂNEL Maria Ingrid, Student, DEEP BRAIN STIMULATED PARKINSON’S DISEASE PATIENTS IN PANDEMIC.
6.4 Iurii MUNTEANU, MD, PhD, Silvia POPESCU, MD, Mihaela MUNTEANU, MD, Daniel COCHIOR, MD, Prof. PhD, CONSIDERATIONS ABOUTTHE THERAPEUTIC STRATEGYIN ACASE OF GIANT VILLOUS ADENOMA WITH INCOMPLETE INTERMITTENT PROLAPSE – CASE REPORT. 6.5 Ilaria Lorena PETROVICI, PhD Student, Dănuț Nicolae TARNIȚA, Professor PhD, Răzvan Cristian VĂDUVA, PhD Student, Mihai Cătălin TENOVICI, PhD Student, Andrei TUDORA, PhD Student, Vladimir ONTICA, PhD Student, Daniel Cosmin CĂLIN, Orthopedic Doctor, Dragoș- Laurențiu POPA, Assoc. Prof. PhD, Gabriel BUCIU, Lecturer PhD, ABOUT THE VIRTUAL AND CLASSICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FEMURAL MEDULLARY CHANNEL FOR OSTEOSYNTHESIS.

6.6 Ilaria Lorena PETROVICI, PhD Student, Dănuț Nicolae TARNIȚA, Professor PhD, Răzvan Cristian VĂDUVA, PhD Student, Mihai Cătălin TENOVICI, PhD Student, Andrei TUDORA, PhD Student, Vladimir ONTICA, PhD Student, Daniel Cosmin CĂLIN, Orthopedic Doctor, Dragoș- Laurențiu POPA, Assoc. Prof. PhD, Gabriel BUCIU, Lecturer PhD, ABOUT THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF OSTEOSYNTHESIS SYSTEMS APPLIED ON TIBIA USING TECHNIQUES OF THE FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS METHOD.

6.7 Aurelian UDRISTIOIU MD, Fellow PhD, PhD Candidate in Molecular Biology, RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LDH AND MG IN MONITORING OF HEMATOLOGIC AND NON-HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANT DISEASES.
6.8 Daciana-Silvia MARTA, Lecturer PhD, Laura-Georgiana MOISE, Gabriela BURDUCEA, Lecturer PhD, Elena MOLDOVEANU, Prof. PhD, THE ASSOCIATION OF VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME SEVERITY.

6.9 Gabriel Petre GORECKI, PhD Candidate, Elena RUSU, Assoc. Prof., PhD, Cosmin MOLDOVAN, Lecturer, PhD, Daniel COCHIOR, Prof. PhD, THE VALUE OF NON-INVASIVE EXPLORATION OF ORAL MUCOSA FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF SEPTIC SHOCK.

SECTION 7

Dental Medicine

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Thursday, November 11, 2021 (12.00 – 15.00)

Moderators: Assoc. Prof. Anca Iuliana POPESCU, PhD Lecturer Andreea Mariana BĂNĂȚEANU , PhD

Assistent Oana HRISTACHE, PhD

7.1 Andreea Mariana BĂNĂȚEANU, DMD, PhD, Lecturer, Eugenia Diana RĂDULESCU, DMD, PhD,
Lecturer, Anca Iuliana Popescu, DMD, PhD, Associate Professor, Cristina Hăineală, DMD, PhD, Lecturer, CLINICAL SITUATIONS IN WHICH PROSTHETIC TREATMENT WAS INFLUENCED BY THE PANDEMIC PERIOD AND ECONOMIC FACTORS.
7.2 Claudia Florina BOGDAN-ANDREESCU, DMD, PhD, Associate Professor, Andreea Mariana BĂNĂȚEANU, DMD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Diana Eugenia RĂDULESCU, DMD, PhD, Assisstant Professor, TOTAL AND PARTIAL MAGNETIC OVERDENTURE – A CLINICAL REPORT.

7.3 Cristina CHELU, Senior lecturer PhD, Oana HRISTACHE, Univ. assit. PhD, Andreea BĂNĂȚEANU, Senior lecturer PhD, INERDISCIPLINARY ATTITUDE IN SOLVING A CASE OF LATERAL ANAODONTICS.
7.4 Ștefan MANEA, Lecturer, PhD, Mihai POPA, private practice, Andreea Oana CRISTESCU-ROȘU, Assistant Lecturer, PhD, Dana COSAC, Lecturer, PhD, Mihnea PINTILIE, PhD student, Anna Maria PANGICĂ, Associate Professor, PhD, USE OF MODERN DEVICES, INSTRUMENTS AND MATERIALS IN THE ENDODONTIC TREATMENT OF A SECOND MANDIBULAR MOLAR -A INTENTIONAL REPLANTATION CASE.

7.5 Anca Iuliana POPESCU, DMD, PhD, Associate Professor, Alexandra Elena BICULESCU, PhD Student, Paolo DI FRANCESCO, PhD Student, Anna Maria PANGICĂ, DMD, PhD, Associate Professor Andreea-Mariana BĂNĂȚEANU, DMD, PhD, Lecturer, COMPLEX REHABILITATION OF A PARTIALLY EDENTULOUS PATIENT WITH MOBILIZABLE PROSTHESES WITH SPECIAL SYSTEMS. CASE PRESENTATION.
7.6 Eugenia-Diana RĂDULESCU, Lector PhD, Andreea-Dana TUDOSE, Lector PhD, Claudia-Florina BOGDAN- ANDREESCU, Associate Professor PhD, Andreea Mariana BĂNĂŢEANU, Lector PhD, Alexandru BURCEA, Lector PhD, TOOTH WHITENING- LASER VS. ZOOM LAMP.

7.7 Talaat Gabriel REZK GAVRILĂ, PhD Student, Anamaria BECHIR , Professor PhD, Lelia Laurența MIHAI, Assoc. Prof. PhD, DENTAL VENEERS AS ESTHETIC REHABILITATION POSSIBILITY OF ORO-FACIAL FUNCTIONS – CASE REPORT.
7.8 Andreea-Dana TUDOSE, Lector PhD, Eugenia-Diana RĂDULESCU, Lector PhD, STUDY IN VITRO ABOUT DEBONDING THE VENEERS WITH LASER Er,Cr: YSGG 2780 nm- WATERLASE, BIOLASE.

Thursday, November 11, 2021 (12.00 – 15.00)

SECTION 8

Pharmacy

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Moderators: Assoc. Prof. Roxana Colette SANDULOVICI, PhD Lecturer Carmen Marinela MIHĂILESCU, PhD

8.1 Luiza-Mădălina CIMA, PhD, Pharmacist, Gabriela STANCIU, PhD, Prof Univ., Ana-Maria NECULAI, PhD, Pharmacist, USE OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS WITH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN SKIN CARE PRODUCTS.
8.2 Elena-Melania CONSTANTIN, Student, Anca Daniela RAICIU, Lecturer, PhD, HEDERA HELIX AS A MEDICINAL PLANT-REVIEW.
8.3 Daniel CORD, Ana CARATA, Maria SOPOREAN, Iuliana CRIȘAN , Alin FOCȘA, Carmen Marilena MIHĂILESCU, Carmen Elisabeta MANEA, Mona Luciana GĂLĂȚANU, Roxana Colette SANDULOVICI, Luiza Mădălina CIMA, CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACY – experiences and connections over time.

8.4 Gabriela COSTACHE, PhD, Lecturer, Mona Luciana GĂLĂŢANU, PhD, Lecturer, Ana Maria SOARE, Pharmacist, A RESEARCH OF DIETS IMPACT ON HEALTH AND SICKNESS.
8.5 Mihaela-Mădălina DELIU, Student, Anca Daniela RAICIU, Lecturer, PhD, ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS: A REVIEW ABOUT A STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF EXTRACTS OBTAINED WITH SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE.

8.6 Mona Luciana GĂLĂŢANU, PhD, Lecturer, Mariana POPESCU, PhD, Lecturer, Mariana PANŢUROIU, PhD, Assistant professor, Gabriela COSTACHE, PhD, Lecturer, Raluca Maria SWOBODA, PhD, Assistant professor, Daniel CORD, PhD Student, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FLAVONOIDS AND POLYPHENOL CARBOXYLIC ACIDS TOTAL CONTENT IN TWO ROMANIAN ARTEMISIA SPECIES.
8.7 Carmen-Elisabeta MANEA, Carmen-Marinela MIHăILESCU, Roxana-Collette SANDULOVICI, Mihaela SAVIN, Adina BOLDEIU, Vasilica TUCUREANU, Sorina Nicoleta VOICU, Daniel CORD, Andrei CONSTANTINESCU, BIO-SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM MARIGOLD (CALENDULLA OFFICINALIS).

8.8 Viorel ORDEANU, Professor PhD, Roxana Colette SANDULOVICI, Assistant professor PhD, Rareș STRATON, Pharmacist, IMPLICATIONS OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILS IN MEDICINE AND PHARMACY.
8.9 Mariana PANTUROIU, PhD, Assistant Professor, Mona Luciana GĂLĂŢANU, PhD, Lecturer, Roxana Collete SANDULOVICI, PhD, Associate Professor, Erand MATI, PhD, Pharmacist, Iulian SARBU, PhD, Lecturer, PRELIMINARY RESEARCH REGARDING THE OBTAINING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VITALBA CLEMATIS EXTRACTS WITH PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL.

8.10 Anca-Maria STAN, Student, Anca Daniela RAICIU, Lecturer, PhD, ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CANNABIS SATIVA. SECTION 9

Communication, International Relations, Language, Culture and Civilization, Education Sciences

Thursday, November 11, 2021 (12.00 – 15.00)

Moderators: Prof. Sorin IVAN, PhD
Prof. Teodor FRUNZETI, PhD

9.1 Sorin IVAN, Professor PhD, HOMO SAPIENS IN THE ERA OF TECHNOLOGY AND KNOWLEDGE.
9.2 Teodor FRUNZETI, Professor PhD, Alina ALEXANDRU, PhD Cand., THE UNITED STATES – CHINA STRATEGIC COMPETITION – IMPLICATIONS FOR THE TRANSATLANTIC RELATIONS.
9.3 Puiu MIHAI, Prof. PhD, PSYCHOLOGY IS A FUNDAMENTAL PREMISE FOR SMART MANAGEMENT.
9.4 George DAVID, Associate Professor, PhD, THE BLAGIAN MIORITIC SPACE AS AN ELEMENT OF NATIONAL IDENTITY.
9.5 Carmen Manuela CAZAN, Lecturer, PhD, SCHOOL DROPOUT DURING THE PANDEMIC.
9.6 Maria CERNAT, Associate Professor, PhD, AFGHANISTAN FEMINISM AND BOMBS – A SHORT ANALYSIS OF THE MEDIA NARRATIVE REGARDING THE U.S. WITHDRAWAL FROM AFGHANISTAN.
9.7 Florin CHEIA, PhD Std., Elena-Denisa BLIDARU-DOBRESCU, PhD, SOCIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES IN EDUCATION.
9.8 Octavia COSTEA, Professor PhD, EDUCATIONAL MARKETING AND COMMUNICATION IN THE TODAY CONTEXT.
9.9 Dorin GAL, PhD Candidate, THE POPULIST THREAT ON NATO SECURITY AND THE TRANSATLANTIC COOPERATION.
9.10 Johana HOLT, Lecturer PhD, Lazăr POPESCU, Assoc.Prof. PhD, THREE LITERARY HYPOSTASES OF DISSOLUTION – BLANCHOT, BACOVIA, CIORAN.
9.11 Eugen LUNGU, Lecturer, PhD, A REALISTIC OFFENSIVE APPROACH TO POWER RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA IN CENTRAL ASIA.
9.12 Gabriela V. POPESCU, PhD, KNOWLEDGE BASED ECONOMY IN THE (POST-) COVID ERA:
NEW DYNAMICS IN THE EVENT MANAGEMENT INDUSTRY.
9.13 Adriana SAULIUC, PhD, Lecturer, Oana Elena BRÂNDA, PhD, Lecturer, LEBANON: FEAR OF RETURN TO SECTARIAN WAR.
9.14 Adrian Ion URICHIANU, Assoc. Prof. PhD, Bogdan Andrei URICHIANU, Assist. PhD, THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTORS.
9.15 Bianca Aida SURUPĂCEANU, Assistant PhD, THEANTROPOLOGICALWORKOFJAMESFRAZERANDITSCONNECTIONSWITHROMANIANCULTURE.
9.16 Bianca Aida SURUPĂCEANU, Assistant PhD, CREATIVITY IN EDUCATION.
9.17 Alina ARDELEANU, PhD Candidate, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MIGRATION AT AN INTERNATIONAL LEVEL.

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Pavel Durov, CEO of Telegram, about free speech, privacy, Facebook, WhatsApp, encryption and selling of user data

I hear Facebook has an entire department devoted to figuring out why Telegram is so popular. Imagine dozens of employees working on just that full-time.

I am happy to save Facebook tens of millions of dollars and give away our secret for free: respect your users.

Millions of people are outraged by the latest change in WhatsApp Terms, which now say users must feed all their private data to Facebook’s ad engine [1]. It’s no surprise that the flight of users from WhatsApp to Telegram, already ongoing for a few years, has accelerated.

At about 500 million users and growing, Telegram has become a major problem for the Facebook corporation. Unable to compete with Telegram in quality and privacy, Facebook’s WhatsApp seems to have switched to covert marketing: Wikipedia editors have recently exposed multiple paid bots adding biased information into the WhatsApp Wikipedia article [2].

We have also detected bots which spread inaccurate information about Telegram on social media. Here are the 3 myths they are pushing:

Myth 1. “Telegram’s code is not open-source”. In reality, all Telegram client apps have been open source since 2013 [3]. Our encryption and API are fully documented and have been reviewed by security experts thousands of times. Moreover, Telegram is the only messaging app in the world that has verifiable builds both for iOS and Android [4]. As for WhatsApp, they intentionally obfuscate their code, making it impossible to verify their encryption and privacy.

Myth 2. “Telegram is Russian”. In fact, Telegram has no servers or offices in Russia and was blocked there from 2018 to 2020 [5]. Telegram is still blocked in some authoritarian countries such as Iran, while WhatsApp and other “supposedly secure” apps have never had any issue in these places.

Myth 3. “Telegram is not encrypted”. Every chat on Telegram has been encrypted since launch. We have Secret Chats that are end-to-end and Cloud Chats that also offer real-time secure and distributed cloud storage [6]. WhatsApp, on the other hand, had zero encryption for a few years, and then adopted an encryption protocol funded by the US Government [7]. Even if we assume that the WhatsApp encryption is solid, it’s invalidated via multiple backdoors and reliance on backups [8].

In 2019 alone, Facebook spent almost 10 billion dollars on marketing [9] (I guess this includes paid bots on Wikipedia and other sites).

Unlike Facebook, Telegram doesn’t spend any money, let alone billions of dollars, on marketing. We believe that people are smart enough to choose what is best for them. And, judging by the half a billion people using Telegram, this belief is justified.


 

In the first week of January, Telegram surpassed 500 million monthly active users. After that it kept growing: 25 million new users joined Telegram in the last 72 hours alone. These new users came from across the globe – 38% from Asia, 27% from Europe, 21% from Latin America and 8% from MENA.

This is a significant increase compared to last year, when 1.5M new users signed up every day. We’ve had surges of downloads before, throughout our 7-year history of protecting user privacy. But this time is different.

People no longer want to exchange their privacy for free services. They no longer want to be held hostage by tech monopolies that seem to think they can get away with anything as long as their apps have a critical mass of users.

With half a billion active users and accelerating growth, Telegram has become the largest refuge for those seeking a communication platform committed to privacy and security. We take this responsibility very seriously. We won’t let you down.

Those of you who have used Telegram for the last several years know we’ve been consistent both when it comes to defending private data and to improving our apps. For those of you who just joined and are wondering what Telegram stands for, I’d like to quote my post from 2018:

You – our users – have been and will always be our only priority. Unlike other popular apps, Telegram doesn’t have shareholders or advertisers to report to. We don’t do deals with marketers, data miners or government agencies. Since the day we launched in August 2013 we haven’t disclosed a single byte of our users’ private data to third parties.

We operate this way because we don’t regard Telegram as an organization or an app. For us, Telegram is an idea; it is the idea that everyone on this planet has a right to be free.


Since my last post, the already massive influx of new users to Telegram has only accelerated. We may be witnessing the largest digital migration in human history. 

Following this global phenomenon, two presidents started their Telegram channels:

The President of Brazil – @jairbolsonarobrasil 

The President of Turkey – @RTErdogan

They join a list of other heads of state already present on the platform:

The President of Mexico – @PresidenteAMLO

The President of France – @emmanuelmacron

The Prime Minister of Singapore – @leehsienloong 

The President of Ukraine – @V_Zelenskiy_official

The President of Uzbekistan – @shmirziyoyev

The President of Taiwan – @iingtw 

The Prime Minister of Ethiopia – @AbiyAhmedAliofficial

The Prime Minister of Israel – @bnetanyahu 

(Note that such verified accounts typically show a blue check mark in your chat list and search results.)

We are honored that political leaders, as well as numerous public organizations, rely on Telegram to combat misinformation and spread awareness about important issues in their societies.

Unlike other networks, Telegram doesn’t use nontransparent algorithms to decide whether a subscriber will see content they subscribed to or not. As a result, Telegram channels are the only direct way for opinion leaders to reliably connect with their audiences. 

By removing the manipulative algorithms that have become synonymous with 2010s technology platforms, Telegram channels restore transparency and integrity to public “one-to-many” communication.


 

[1] – WhatsApp Gives Users Ultimatum – Share Data with Facebook or Lose Access 

[2] – In December 2020, the Wikipedia article about WhatsApp had the label “This article may have been created or edited in return for undisclosed payments, a violation of Wikipedia’s terms of use”. Related investigation is discussed here. 

[3] – Telegram Source Code

[4] – Reproducible Builds for Telegram Apps

[5] – On Digital Resistance in Russia

[6] – On Telegram Encryption 

[7] – U.S. Government Funded The WhatsApp Encryption

[8] – Why WhatsApp Will Never Be Secure 

[9] – Facebook Marketing Spending from 2010 to 2019

On Apple-Google censorship https://t.me/durovschat/518801

On making server-side code open https://t.me/durovschat/515221

On a privacy-conscious ad platform  https://t.me/durovschat/527441

On US-based encrypted apps https://t.me/durovschat/519187

On encryption vs. usability when using Secret Chats vs Cloud Chats https://t.me/durovschat/527081

On maximising security of communication https://t.me/durovschat/527134

On storing hashed phone numbers https://t.me/durovschat/551030

On how Telegram stores data https://t.me/durovschat/544164

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The Social Dilemma – The Official Trailer – Cloud Breaking Big Tech Companies – Facebook, Google, YouTube, Twitter, Instagram etc.

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Artificial Intelligence Defeats Lockheed F-16 Pilot In Darpa’s Virtual Dogfight | Investor’s Business Daily

In a semifinal Thursday, Lockheed beat Physics AI. Heron defeated Aurora in the other semifinal and then took down Lockheed in the final. Heron scored five kills vs. zero for the human pilot.

The first round on Tuesday featured each team flying their algorithms vs. adversary AI algorithms. The teams then competed against each other in a round-robin style competition Wednesday.
www.investors.com/news/artificial-intelligence-lockheed-martin-f16-pilot-virtual-darpa-dogfight/

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Farmers Could Soon Be Hedging Their Risks With Decentralized Weather Data

Farmers are likely the hardest hit by weather unpredictability. For many, severe weather conditions can lead to the loss of their livelihood, or even starvation. Although farmer insurance has been around for decades — if not centuries — according to Jha, it is unaffordable for the vast majority:

“If you had less than two hundred thousand dollars in premium to spend, you actually had no real access.”

Arbol blockchain infrastructure. Source: Arbol.

Jha claims that Arbol both lowers the entry barrier and makes hedging less expensive. With blockchain, settlements and payouts can be instant, whereas in the centralized world, participants may have to wait weeks, if not months. 

Farmers can hedge against various adverse weather conditions having a negative impact on their crops. They can buy a hedge — for example, if a temperature in their region reaches a critical level, which will trigger an automatic payout. By adding Chainlink’s oracalized weather data feeds, the company’s platform has become more decentralized and resilient. 

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Online voting platform security and decentralization, global, regional & local solutions to elections

According to a June 7 paper from researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and University of Michigan, Democracy Live’s popular online voting platform, OmniBallot, is vulnerable to vote manipulation. Many states have tried OmniBallot, which uses Amazon Web Services to lock in votes, but it has faced security issues. A more decentralized online voting is part of the solution to protect ballots, the researchers say. 

Cryptographic end-to-end verifiability plays a key role

The researchers believe that a decentralized approach in which a voter does not need to trust a particular client device or official election software or servers is essential for secure remote voting. 

As a solution, the researchers put forward an end-to-end verifiability protocol like cryptographic E2E-V. They say such a protocol would allow each voter to independently check whether their vote is correctly recorded and included in the election result. They emphasis that: 

“Although experts hold that E2E-V should be a requirement for any Internet voting system, they simultaneously caution that “no Internet voting system of any kind should be used for public elections before end-to-end verifiable in-person voting systems have been widely deployed and experience has been gained from their use” 
Online voting platform vulnerability

Studies found out that the OmniBallot platform’s simplistic web-based approach system and its extensive usage of third-party services and infrastructure is putting voters’ privacy and vote accuracy in jeopardy. 

OmniBallot reportedly has no intention to seek any decentralized solution. The protocol it uses provides no way for anyone to verify that accuracy of the ballout sections. This will lead cyberattackers to gain control of the platform and change recorded votes without anyone even noticing.

In order to make votes more accessible to all, OmniBallot has turned the traditional voting of letting voters print ballouts and returning it through the mail to allowing voters to return their ballouts online. This web-based system handles blank ballot delivery, ballot marking, and online voting. 

As Cointelegraph reported previously, Congress is looking into developing a blockchain-based end-to-end encrypted system to allow remote Senate voting

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Facebook Libra 2.0 Explained in 5 minutes, planned for World Payments Systems Disruption in 5 years

What is Libra

Libra is a permissioned, blockchain-based stablecoin payment system.

The Libra payment system will support single-currency stablecoins and a multi-currency coin (LBR) that will be a digital composite of some of the single-currency stablecoins available on the Libra network.

All Libra coins will be fully backed by cash & cash equivalents and short-term government securities held by a geographically distributed network of custodian banks.

History

Libra’s origins can be traced back to 2017 when Libra co-creator and Calibra head of strategy, Morgan Beller, became the first person at Facebook’s secret blockchain initiative. Month’s later, CEO Mark Zuckerberg expressed his desire to “go deeper and study the positive and negative aspects of” cryptocurrencies in his New Year’s resolution post.

On May 8, 2018, Facebook Vice President David Marcus announced that he would be moving from Facebook’s Messenger division to lead Facebook’s blockchain initiative, kicking the initiative into high gear. By February 2019, there were more than 50 engineers working on the project.

In May 2019 it was confirmed that Facebook planned to launch a stablecoin backed by multiple currencies as part of a payments network designed to enable billions of users to make online purchases and transfer money between each other.

Announcement

On June 18, 2019 Facebook officially unveiled Libra: it’s permissioned blockchain-based payment system. It’s token, Libra, would be a stablecoin fully backed by a basket of fiat currencies and government securities, held in the “Libra Reserve.” Facebook also announced that it would develop a digital wallet for the project under its new subsidiary called Calibra, led by Libra co-creators Morgan Beller, David Marcus and Kevin Weil.

The Libra blockchain and Libra Reserve would be governed by the Libra Association: a Swiss based membership organization responsible for the governance of the Libra network and development of the Libra project. The 27 members planned to invest $10 million a piece to receive Libra Investment tokens and become validators of the Libra network.

Although the project would be permissioned at launch, the association aimed to begin transitioning to permissionless governance and consensus within five years.

Regulatory Pushback

Libra received immediate pushback from regulators around the world who expressed concerns over privacy and the potential challenge to various nation’s monetary sovereignty. As a result, just one month after the project was announced, Facebook assured that Libra would not launch until all regulatory concerns were fully addressed. Facebook executives proceeded to go through a series of hearings and meetings with US Congress and various governments in an attempt to alleviate regulatory concerns.

In September 2019, it was reported that the Libra reserve basket would consist of 50% US dollars, 18% Euro, 14% Japanese Yen, 11% Pound sterling and 7% Singaporean dollars. This US friendly composition wasn’t enough to quell anxieties and regulatory pressures persisted. In October 2019, PayPal became the first company to walk away from the Libra Association, with several other high profile founding members following suit, including Visa and Mastercard.

In January 2020, it was reported that the Libra Association was weighing a shift to a multiple stablecoin framework with each backed by their own individual currencies. This differed from their initial approach of a single stablecoin backed by a composite basket of fiat currencies.

Libra’s Revised Plan

On April 16, 2020 Libra unveiled its revised plan. As rumored, Libra transitioned to a framework featuring multiple single-currency stablecoins, in addition to its multi-currency Libra coin. Under the new model, each single-currency stablecoin will be backed by its respective fiat currency and government securities – i.e. the US dollar stablecoin will be backed by a reserve of US dollars and US government securities.

The multi-currency Libra coin on the other hand would be a composite of some of the single-currency stablecoins available on the Libra network. This differs from the initial proposal for a standalone currency backed by a basket of various fiat currencies and government securities sitting in a single reserve. The new Libra Coin proposal looks less like a currency and more like the SDRs maintained by the IMF. Libra Coins represent a claim on stablecoins held in various reserves within the network. This is one step removed from representing a direct claim on multiple fiat currencies and government securities sitting in the Libra Reserve.

According to the revised white paper, these changes were made to address policymaker’s key concerns. The revised plan further includes a more comprehensive compliance framework, the abandonment of plans to transition to a permissionless system and plans for strengthening the Libra Reserve design. Also to the delight of policymakers, t will allow for easier integration of central bank digital currencies to replace corresponding single-currency stablecoins.

According to the head of policy for the Libra Association, Dante Disparte, the Libra network is working toward a late 2020 launch.

Go Deeper

To learn more about Libra’s roadmap, regulatory history, team and participating organizations, the Libra Coin, launch, consensus and emission, underlying technology and governance, read our full Libra profile page.
— Citește pe messari.io/article/libra-2-0-explained-in-5-minutes

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MyEtherWallet to Offer ‘.Crypto’ Blockchain Domains to 1 Million Users

Unlike with traditional domain registration, custody of the domain is tied to the specific wallet and is not controlled by any centralized entity.

The .crypto domain is based on Unstoppable Domains’ smart contracts on Ethereum, which are responsible for assigning the domains and looking up the addresses.

It is separate from the Ethereum Name Service (ENS), which assigns .eth domains, but the functionality is similar. Unstoppable Domains can tie the .crypto domain to an Ethereum wallet, making it possible to send money to human-readable addresses.

Building an uncensorable web

The company is also pushing the .crypto domain as an uncensorable alternative to existing web addresses.

Since it falls outside of the traditional domain name infrastructure, normal browsers cannot open .crypto websites. As reported by Cointelegraph in March, the Opera browser entered into a partnership with Unstoppable Domains to accept blockchain-based domains. 

Opera nevertheless only holds 2.2% of the global market share. For Chrome users, Unstoppable Domains released a browser extension.

The company stresses that blockchain domains are not going to make the web uncensorable by themselves, but they help users bypass restrictions when publishing content.
— Citește pe cointelegraph.com/news/myetherwallet-to-offer-crypto-blockchain-domains-to-1-million-users