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THE TWITTER FILES part 2, TWITTER’S SECRET BLACKLISTS

1. A new #TwitterFiles investigation reveals that teams of Twitter employees build blacklists, prevent disfavored tweets from trending, and actively limit the visibility of entire accounts or even trending topics—all in secret, without informing users.
2. Twitter once had a mission “to give everyone the power to create and share ideas and information instantly, without barriers.” Along the way, barriers nevertheless were erected.
3. Take, for example, Stanford’s Dr. Jay Bhattacharya (@DrJBhattacharya) who argued that Covid lockdowns would harm children. Twitter secretly placed him on a “Trends Blacklist,” which prevented his tweets from trending. Image

 

 

4. Or consider the popular right-wing talk show host, Dan Bongino (@dbongino), who at one point was slapped with a “Search Blacklist.” Image

 

 

5. Twitter set the account of conservative activist Charlie Kirk (@charliekirk11) to “Do Not Amplify.” Image

 

 

6. Twitter denied that it does such things. In 2018, Twitter’s Vijaya Gadde (then Head of Legal Policy and Trust) and Kayvon Beykpour (Head of Product) said: “We do not shadow ban.” They added: “And we certainly don’t shadow ban based on political viewpoints or ideology.”
7. What many people call “shadow banning,” Twitter executives and employees call “Visibility Filtering” or “VF.” Multiple high-level sources confirmed its meaning.
8. “Think about visibility filtering as being a way for us to suppress what people see to different levels. It’s a very powerful tool,” one senior Twitter employee told us.
9. “VF” refers to Twitter’s control over user visibility. It used VF to block searches of individual users; to limit the scope of a particular tweet’s discoverability; to block select users’ posts from ever appearing on the “trending” page; and from inclusion in hashtag searches.
10. All without users’ knowledge.
11. “We control visibility quite a bit. And we control the amplification of your content quite a bit. And normal people do not know how much we do,” one Twitter engineer told us. Two additional Twitter employees confirmed.
12. The group that decided whether to limit the reach of certain users was the Strategic Response Team – Global Escalation Team, or SRT-GET. It often handled up to 200 “cases” a day.
13. But there existed a level beyond official ticketing, beyond the rank-and-file moderators following the company’s policy on paper. That is the “Site Integrity Policy, Policy Escalation Support,” known as “SIP-PES.”
14. This secret group included Head of Legal, Policy, and Trust (Vijaya Gadde), the Global Head of Trust & Safety (Yoel Roth), subsequent CEOs Jack Dorsey and Parag Agrawal, and others.
15. This is where the biggest, most politically sensitive decisions got made. “Think high follower account, controversial,” another Twitter employee told us. For these “there would be no ticket or anything.”
16. One of the accounts that rose to this level of scrutiny was @libsoftiktok—an account that was on the “Trends Blacklist” and was designated as “Do Not Take Action on User Without Consulting With SIP-PES.” Image
17. The account—which Chaya Raichik began in November 2020 and now boasts over 1.4 million followers—was subjected to six suspensions in 2022 alone, Raichik says. Each time, Raichik was blocked from posting for as long as a week.
18. Twitter repeatedly informed Raichik that she had been suspended for violating Twitter’s policy against “hateful conduct.”
19. But in an internal SIP-PES memo from October 2022, after her seventh suspension, the committee acknowledged that “LTT has not directly engaged in behavior violative of the Hateful Conduct policy.” See here: Image

 

 

20. The committee justified her suspensions internally by claiming her posts encouraged online harassment of “hospitals and medical providers” by insinuating “that gender-affirming healthcare is equivalent to child abuse or grooming.”
21. Compare this to what happened when Raichik herself was doxxed on November 21, 2022. A photo of her home with her address was posted in a tweet that has garnered more than 10,000 likes.
22. When Raichik told Twitter that her address had been disseminated she says Twitter Support responded with this message: “We reviewed the reported content, and didn’t find it to be in violation of the Twitter rules.” No action was taken. The doxxing tweet is still up. Image
23. In internal Slack messages, Twitter employees spoke of using technicalities to restrict the visibility of tweets and subjects. Here’s Yoel Roth, Twitter’s then Global Head of Trust & Safety, in a direct message to a colleague in early 2021: Image
24. Six days later, in a direct message with an employee on the Health, Misinformation, Privacy, and Identity research team, Roth requested more research to support expanding “non-removal policy interventions like disabling engagements and deamplification/visibility filtering.” Image
25. Roth wrote: “The hypothesis underlying much of what we’ve implemented is that if exposure to, e.g., misinformation directly causes harm, we should use remediations that reduce exposure, and limiting the spread/virality of content is a good way to do that.”
26. He added: “We got Jack on board with implementing this for civic integrity in the near term, but we’re going to need to make a more robust case to get this into our repertoire of policy remediations – especially for other policy domains.”

27. There is more to come on this story, which was reported by @AbigailShrier@ShellenbergerMD @NellieBowles @IsaacGrafstein and the team The Free Press @TheFP.

Keep up with this unfolding story here and at our brand new website: thefp.com.

28. The authors have broad and expanding access to Twitter’s files. The only condition we agreed to was that the material would first be published on Twitter.

 

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THE TWITTER FILES part 1, thousands of internal documents obtained by sources at Twitter

1. Thread: THE TWITTER FILES
2. What you’re about to read is the first installment in a series, based upon thousands of internal documents obtained by sources at Twitter.
3. The “Twitter Files” tell an incredible story from inside one of the world’s largest and most influential social media platforms. It is a Frankensteinian tale of a human-built mechanism grown out the control of its designer.
4. Twitter in its conception was a brilliant tool for enabling instant mass communication, making a true real-time global conversation possible for the first time.
5. In an early conception, Twitter more than lived up to its mission statement, giving people “the power to create and share ideas and information instantly, without barriers.”
6. As time progressed, however, the company was slowly forced to add those barriers. Some of the first tools for controlling speech were designed to combat the likes of spam and financial fraudsters.

7. Slowly, over time, Twitter staff and executives began to find more and more uses for these tools. Outsiders began petitioning the company to manipulate speech as well: first a little, then more often, then constantly.
8. By 2020, requests from connected actors to delete tweets were routine. One executive would write to another: “More to review from the Biden team.” The reply would come back: “Handled.” Image
9. Celebrities and unknowns alike could be removed or reviewed at the behest of a political party: Image
10.Both parties had access to these tools. For instance, in 2020, requests from both the Trump White House and the Biden campaign were received and honored. However:
11. This system wasn’t balanced. It was based on contacts. Because Twitter was and is overwhelmingly staffed by people of one political orientation, there were more channels, more ways to complain, open to the left (well, Democrats) than the right. opensecrets.org/orgs/twitter/s…Image

12. The resulting slant in content moderation decisions is visible in the documents you’re about to read. However, it’s also the assessment of multiple current and former high-level executives.
Okay, there was more throat-clearing about the process, but screw it, let’s jump forward
16. The Twitter Files, Part One: How and Why Twitter Blocked the Hunter Biden Laptop Story
18. Twitter took extraordinary steps to suppress the story, removing links and posting warnings that it may be “unsafe.” They even blocked its transmission via direct message, a tool hitherto reserved for extreme cases, e.g. child pornography.
19. White House spokeswoman Kaleigh McEnany was locked out of her account for tweeting about the story, prompting a furious letter from Trump campaign staffer Mike Hahn, who seethed: “At least pretend to care for the next 20 days.” Image

20.This led public policy executive Caroline Strom to send out a polite WTF query. Several employees noted that there was tension between the comms/policy teams, who had little/less control over moderation, and the safety/trust teams: Image
21. Strom’s note returned the answer that the laptop story had been removed for violation of the company’s “hacked materials” policy: web.archive.org/web/2019071714…Image
22. Although several sources recalled hearing about a “general” warning from federal law enforcement that summer about possible foreign hacks, there’s no evidence – that I’ve seen – of any government involvement in the laptop story. In fact, that might have been the problem…
23. The decision was made at the highest levels of the company, but without the knowledge of CEO Jack Dorsey, with former head of legal, policy and trust Vijaya Gadde playing a key role.
24. “They just freelanced it,” is how one former employee characterized the decision. “Hacking was the excuse, but within a few hours, pretty much everyone realized that wasn’t going to hold. But no one had the guts to reverse it.”
25.You can see the confusion in the following lengthy exchange, which ends up including Gadde and former Trust and safety chief Yoel Roth. Comms official Trenton Kennedy writes, “I’m struggling to understand the policy basis for marking this as unsafe”: Image
26. By this point “everyone knew this was fucked,” said one former employee, but the response was essentially to err on the side of… continuing to err. Image
27. Former VP of Global Comms Brandon Borrman asks, “Can we truthfully claim that this is part of the policy?” Image
28. To which former Deputy General Counsel Jim Baker again seems to advise staying the non-course, because “caution is warranted”: Image
29. A fundamental problem with tech companies and content moderation: many people in charge of speech know/care little about speech, and have to be told the basics by outsiders. To wit:
30. In one humorous exchange on day 1, Democratic congressman Ro Khanna reaches out to Gadde to gently suggest she hop on the phone to talk about the “backlash re speech.” Khanna was the only Democratic official I could find in the files who expressed concern. Image
Gadde replies quickly, immediately diving into the weeds of Twitter policy, unaware Khanna is more worried about the Bill of Rights: Image

32.Khanna tries to reroute the conversation to the First Amendment, mention of which is generally hard to find in the files: Image
33.Within a day, head of Public Policy Lauren Culbertson receives a ghastly letter/report from Carl Szabo of the research firm NetChoice, which had already polled 12 members of congress – 9 Rs and 3 Democrats, from “the House Judiciary Committee to Rep. Judy Chu’s office.” Image
34.NetChoice lets Twitter know a “blood bath” awaits in upcoming Hill hearings, with members saying it’s a “tipping point,” complaining tech has “grown so big that they can’t even regulate themselves, so government may need to intervene.” Image
35.Szabo reports to Twitter that some Hill figures are characterizing the laptop story as “tech’s Access Hollywood moment”: Image
36.Twitter files continued:
“THE FIRST AMENDMENT ISN’T ABSOLUTE”
Szabo’s letter contains chilling passages relaying Democratic lawmakers’ attitudes. They want “more” moderation, and as for the Bill of Rights, it’s “not absolute” Image
An amazing subplot of the Twitter/Hunter Biden laptop affair was how much was done without the knowledge of CEO Jack Dorsey, and how long it took for the situation to get “unfucked” (as one ex-employee put it) even after Dorsey jumped in.
While reviewing Gadde’s emails, I saw a familiar name – my own. Dorsey sent her a copy of my Substack article blasting the incident Image
There are multiple instances in the files of Dorsey intervening to question suspensions and other moderation actions, for accounts across the political spectrum
The problem with the “hacked materials” ruling, several sources said, was that this normally required an official/law enforcement finding of a hack. But such a finding never appears throughout what one executive describes as a “whirlwind” 24-hour, company-wide mess. Image

 

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Are tokenized assets the securities of tomorrow? How securities can be tokenized

Tokenized securities can offer new benefits

Tokenized securities provide a new wrapper for known assets to expand markets and improve liquidity. For regulators, this is less a new product than a new distribution channel that is easier to approve.

Companies, investment banks, asset managers, funds, stock exchanges and investment platforms are already benefiting from the possibilities offered by tokenization. The benefits are many: faster processes through digitization, reduced costs and more efficient intermediaries, and global portability. Be one of the pioneers in your industry and take advantage of it today!

Tokenization also has the potential to transform markets, open investment to a wider range of global investors, and foster innovation in new products. It is because of their digital nature that security tokens can represent not only ownership of traditional assets such as publicly traded stocks or bonds, but also traditionally illiquid assets such as private placements, real estate or art.

Securities can be tokenized

Keep in mind that some decentralized exchanges do not trade tokenized stocks. Instead, they trade in something called a “synthetic asset” or “synthesizer.” These are tokens designed to mirror the performance of other assets. But they are not directly related to actual stocks like token stocks.

Another problem is lack of liquidity. Liquidators only guarantee that they will buy the asset if they get a good price and can resell the tokenized asset on the secondary market. In crypto markets, these liquidations can be fully automated. There are still no trading venues that provide sufficient liquidity for digital securities.

In recent years, financial institutions have devoted significant resources to technology projects aimed at turning securities into tokenized assets. A tokenized asset is a digital representation of value or ownership.

Tokenized securities are not legal securities

The SEC claims that all tokenized securities must be registered. Tokenized shares issued without registration are considered illegal. In the past, the agency has taken legal action against Paragon and AirFox tokens for noncompliance.

The bottom line is this: while there may still be some legal grey areas in cryptocurrency regulation in general, this is not the case for tokenized stocks. According to the SEC, these tokens should be regulated like regular stocks. Exchanges that offer trading services for these tokens will likely be subject to the same regulations as traditional broker-dealers.

Tokens issued by companies in lieu of shares have the same properties and functions and are therefore securities. This means they must comply with registration and submission requirements. This has led to a Security Token Offering (STO), which is more or less the same as an Initial Coin Offering (ICO), with the additional caveat that the entity issuing the token acknowledges that the token represents equity, and therefore securities.

Consider tokenization when evaluating a business opportunity.

The first thing you need to do is decide what you want to tag. It is best to choose an asset that already has a significant market because you know the price range and can price the coin correctly. If your property is not very popular and it is difficult to appraise it yourself, consider requesting an appraisal from an accounting firm.
In the traditional financial world, investment barriers can be very high. Think about the amount of investment required to buy a property or art. Through tokenization, we can lower the minimum investment threshold, allowing even small retail investors to diversify their portfolios and gain access to exclusive markets that were previously only available to large investors and far beyond their reach.
The answer to “Is tokenization the future” depends largely on the question of trust. Trust issues are common in tokenization. It is important to note that the creator of the token cannot act as a regulated financial institution. As such, the security of an asset is unlikely to be documented, limiting its effectiveness in court.
Tokenize assets by issuing digital tokens.
If you want to know how to tokenize assets, you first need to understand the role of smart contracts in converting real assets into digital assets. Digital tokens backed by underlying assets are managed and executed using smart contracts. The terms of the agreement between the parties are inserted into lines of code that already exist on the blockchain network, making the smart contract a self-enforcing and self-enforcing contract.
One of the biggest doubts surrounding you right now has to be the definition of asset tokenization. Asset tokenization is basically the process of representing real tradable assets on a blockchain network as tokens. This type of token, also known as a “security token,” is generated through a security token offering or STO (a variation of an initial coin offering). Security tokens can represent financial instruments, tangible assets and intellectual property.
Our goal is to provide a tool to create new pathways and flows in the marketplace by using tokenization as a bridge between real assets and digital business opportunities. We have powerful technology and streamlined processes, so our clients don’t have to worry about how transactions work or the security of transactions, they only need to think about earning passive profits and real performance associated with tokens – Digitization and Tokenization of World Wealth .

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Best Assets to Tokenise on blockchain, best marketing strategies for Assets Tokenisation

There are a number of assets that could be tokenized on the blockchain.

Nonetheless, many corporations are eager to participate in this lucrative market, and billions of dollars in assets have already been “tokenized”. We appear to be only scraping the surface of what might become one of the decade’s most important enterprises. Furthermore, trillions of dollars in real-world assets can be tokenized, and there aren’t many reasons not to do so if clear regulatory requirements are in place.

Effectively, any valuable asset (tangible or not; real or financial instrument) can be tokenized. The resulting digital asset can be considered a coin (or cryptocurrency, which serves as mediums of payment) or a token (digital representation of a tradable asset or utility).

Since investors will be acquiring tokens representing a proportional part of a given asset, they can interact with these tokens by acquiring more from other token owners or selling them to third parties. We are using ERC20 tokens which allow the investors to withdraw their tokens from the platform, and store them in their personal wallets, or use them to interact in other platforms or markets. Our goal is to provide endless possibilities to our investors, so please review the “Blockchain technology and asset tokenization” section to learn about technology and the ERC20 token.

Assets can be monetized through marketing strategies.

Asset tokenization can create new business and social models, such as share ownership of the property itself or of the rights belonging to it. For example, different people owning tokens of a house located on the beach, can now decide when a token owner can go and stay in said house. This is a disruption in the business model, since several people own the same house, or the rights associated with it. Therefore, they can establish when they can use it for themselves or make a profit if they decide to rent the house at times when no token owner is using it, or because they have simply decided that it is better to have a return by renting the house in a continuous way. This example also serves as an example as to how it creates a new social model since one same asset is shared by various individuals who might not share any connection between them except owning tokens of the same house. We are used to owning something only by ourselves, and we must pay for it in its entirety. With asset tokenization a shared economy is built, where just by owning a part, we can still enjoy benefits that a full ownership can provide such as the possibility of using the assets or obtaining profits that come from them.

Asset tokenization of real estate assets is very much alike to taking a private business public. An investor can acquire tokens of a property and become an owner of the tokenized property in the proportion of tokens acquired from all the tokens available. By acquiring these tokens, the investor will have a right to the property’s profits, which will then be distributed to all token owners on a pro-rata basis. For instance, if you own 1% of a tokenized property, you will receive 1% of the property’s profits on a periodic basis.

In its purest definition, an asset is a valuable resource owned by someone or something which represents a good (e.g., land, patent) or contractual agreement (e.g., financial instruments, such as cash, stocks, equity, bonds or derivatives), and which can be used as means of exchange or investment.

Assets can be traded on secondary markets.

How will assets be traded in secondary markets? To ensure the trading of security tokens only on regulated marketplaces, a set of regulations is needed. We are looking at procedures to guide ownership, private valuations, AML/KYC, investors, etc. Also, these requirements can significantly vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.

The situation of the art market is a good entry point into the issue of investing in and exchanging of non-bankable assets. Art collections are notoriously illiquid and the sale of a work of art on the market is generally 100% (although there are cases of shared ownership collections). Associating a piece of art with securities or tokens (e.g. issuing tokens at 0.01% of the artwork value) makes it possible to reduce the investment ticket at will. Importantly, small ticket size is a sine qua non condition for the emergence of a liquid market for collectors and investors that does not require the sale of the entire asset. The different solutions available to the market participants are then:

Businesses can find a listing on Securitize Markets, following the issuance process. The Securitize Markets give you a primary marketplace as well as the flexibility for secondary trading. Investors could easily purchase and sell newly generated digital securities. Most important of all, Securitize is easily the most popular asset tokenization platform with the accreditation of SEC and FINRA.

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CRM, ERP, Project management, Document Management, Secure Blockchain infrastructure

Blockchain is a digital, decentralized, and encrypted database that is best known as the underlying technology for cryptocurrency. However, many other applications of blockchain have been discovered, such as cyber security, government systems, and healthcare. Essentially, blockchain has many uses that are still being discovered. Blockchain is a new way of managing data that is increasing in popularity among businesses and governments.

The most important feature of a blockchain is its decentralization- every unit of data is stored on every node on the network simultaneously and cannot be changed or deleted. This makes it very hard to corrupt or delete data from a blockchain. Additionally, since blockchain is encrypted, all data stored on it is inaccessible without the proper security keys. This means that private blockchains are more secure than public ones. It also means that blockchain is more secure than other IT infrastructure like virtual computers.

Blockchain has a lot of potential in the fields of finance and banking. Many banks are using blockchain to transfer money internationally at a faster rate and with greater security. Furthermore, companies can use blockchain to store and manage their financial records. This saves time and money by reducing the amount of paper documents required to run their business. Furthermore, there are several ways to transfer funds with greater security when using blockchain in this way.

Many businesses are exploring how to apply blockchain technology to various industries. The food industry is particularly excited about the possibilities- it can use the technology to track food from farm to table in an effort to prevent product contamination and adulteration. Other industries exploring how to use blockchain include health care, supply chains, property ownership, and marketing campaigns. Essentially, blockchain infrastructure is a growing field with many possibilities that we have yet to explore in depth.

Currently, many businesses are finding great uses for blockchain technology in cybersecurity and other industries. Providing transparency and security to transactions will revolutionize how governments and businesses operate in the future. Private blockchains are more secure than public ones. The main advantage of using a private blockchain compared to a public one is accessibility and security- anyone with permission can access the data on a private blockchain whereas only authorized individuals can access data on a public one. Since data cannot be accessed without the correct keys, private blockchains are inherently more secure than public blockchains because they’re inaccessible without the correct keys.

Blockchain is more secure than other IT infrastructure like cyber security or cloud storage. – Blockchain provides greater levels of security compared to cyber-security programs or cloud storage since it’s both accessible and secure by design. – Blockchain provides transparency and security through decentralized storage of information- making it an ideal solution for any type of data storage. As far as we know right now, there’s still so much potential when it comes down to how we can apply this technology in different ways; it’s something we’ve only just begun exploring properly. We have yet to discover all the uses for this revolutionary technology that has revolutionized our way of thinking over the past few years.

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Tokenised Real Estate Projects, the benefits of fractional investments platforms

Real estate investments are a lucrative career choice for many people. However, the market is dominated by long-term loans that few people choose to take up. Tokenized real estate innovations allow anyone to make money off rental properties with minimal effort. Plus, investors gain access to a wider range of real estate options through the platform. They also gain access to security deposits that help manage risk during negotiations.

Most real estate investment transactions involve long-term loans. This limits the number of potential investors in this field. Fortunately, tokenized platforms allow anyone to invest in real estate without hassle. Investors can purchase fractions of real estate without committing wholeheartedly to any of them. This allows for a higher return on investment without limiting their choices. Additionally, fractional investments make it easy for investors to diversify their portfolios. Real estate is a lucrative market choice for many reasons when compared to other investments.

Investors can also choose from a wider range of available real estate property options through tokenised platforms. These allow for easy and quick property purchases and sales. All of the properties available through these platforms are prime real estate locations in major metropolitan areas. This makes it easy for experienced and knowledgeable investors to find profitable properties quickly. Plus, it eliminates the need for long sales processes when selling properties. This allows developers and real estate agents more time to find buyers for their properties and increase their profits.

Many new investors fail to fully understand the risks involved in real estate investments. Tokenized security deposits help manage risk during negotiations with landlords and property owners. These deposits help newbies identify problematic areas in an apartment building’s interior before purchasing it outright. Tenants who live in the building can also request extra deposit money from landlords before leasing property in problematic areas. This helps newbies identify problems before buying property in those areas.

Real estate is an expensive asset class that many people would love to invest in. The current market is dominated by long-term loans that few people choose to take up. Tokenized platforms allow anyone to make money off rental properties with minimal effort, thanks to fractional investments and property options. Tenants and landlords can also request extra deposit money from newbies when leasing property inside problematic areas. This helps newbies mitigate risk when leasing property inside problematic areas. Fractional investments are a great way for anyone to make money off real estate!

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How Tokenisation can revolutionise the Global Economy, what are tokenised assets


1. What are tokenised assets?

2. Why should you care about them?

3. What are the benefits of tokenising your assets? How can you get started?

Tokenised assets are digital shares that can be bought and sold on a blockchain-based platform. They offer a more secure and efficient way of buying and selling assets, as well as a greater degree of transparency. Tokenised assets have the potential to revolutionise the way we buy and sell assets. By making use of blockchain technology, they offer a more secure and efficient way of buying and selling assets, as well as a greater degree of transparency. If you’re looking for a more secure and efficient way to buy and sell assets, then tokenised assets could be the way to go. With the added bonus of greater transparency, they’re definitely worth considering.


Tokenisation is a process of turning physical assets such as real estate, land, and securities into digital representations that can be traded on a blockchain.

In easy to understand terms, tokenization is the process of converting any rights or assets into a digital token that can then be used, owned and transferred by the holder through a blockchain, without the need for a third-party intermediary. Roland Berger & Keyrock’s study focuses specifically on investment tokens, which can offers its holder the same voting rights, rights to future cashflows,… as traditional shares or bonds can do, but in a digitalized form, allowing the ownership of these assets to be kept up to date via a decentralized ledger.

Tokenization is the process of issuing a token that digitally represents tradeable assets. Any asset with real-world value such as art, commodities and real estate is tradeable once it is converted into a digital representation in the form of a token. These tokens are issued through security token offerings (STO) and can then be traded on a secondary market such as cryptocurrency exchange.

Generally speaking, a token is a representation of a particular asset or utility. Within the context of blockchain technology, tokenization is the process of converting something of value into a digital token that’s usable on a blockchain application. Assets tokenized on the blockchain come in two forms. They can represent tangible assets like gold, real estate, and art, or intangible assets like voting rights, ownership rights, or content licensing. Practically anything can be tokenized if it is considered an asset that can be owned and has value to someone, and can be incorporated into a larger asset market.

Tokenised assets are digital representations of physical assets.

With an immutable record of ownership, tokenized assets allow for improved traceability and transparency. Each record is documented on an immutable shared ledger that contains the whole history of activities performed over an asset. This ensures that relevant parties have a clear view of the updated ledger of ownership records.

Tokenized assets allow faster transactions with less administrative burden. Through the use of smart contracts, many cumbersome manual processes can be automated and streamlined, while the clearing and settlement processes can become simplified and more efficient.

Some of the earliest examples of tokenized assets include items such as bottles of wine, jewelry, and even pills. Such types of items are generally included in the supply chain from products to consumers. So, it is easier to track the items in real-time for identification and prevention of possible uses in negative purposes.

The potential for tokenisation to revolutionise the economy.

Tokenisation will offer new economic models, lower the cost of trading, will enable faster transactions, make assets liquid (as long as there are sufficient, regulated secondary exchanges), allow regulation to be embedded in it and offer one global market instantly. It could even result in multiple monetary systems (replacing or supplementing the US Dollar as the world currency). The opportunities are enormous.

As it is clearly noticeable, tokenization will have a promising impact on creating the future economy of everything. The growing digital wave is slowly prompting the need to execute almost every real-world activity on digital platforms. So, the tokenization of real-world assets could bring assets to the digital platform with better promises for including more participants.

The token economy can present effective promises for introducing a financial world characterized by improved efficiency, inclusivity, and fairness alongside transparency in transactions for asset management. The use of tokens can help in reducing the friction associated with creating, purchase and sales of securities. The following benefits for sellers and investors with tokenization could show how the process can induce the economy of everything.

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The most expensive buildings in the world / Tokenise everything

🇸🇦 Great Mosque of Mecca, Saudi Arabia ($100B)
🇸🇦 Abraj Al-Bait, Saudi Arabia ($15B)
🇸🇬 Resorts World Sentosa, Singapore ($6.6B)
🇸🇬 Marina By Sands, Singapore ($5.8B)
🇺🇸 Apple Park, California, USA ($5B)

🇺🇸 The Cosmopolitan, Las Vegas, USA ($3.9B)
🇺🇸 One World Trade Center, USA ($3.8B)
🇷🇴 Palace of the Parliament, Romania ($3.2B)
🇦🇪 Emirates Palace, United Arab Emirates ($3B)
🇺🇸 Wynn Las Vegas, USA ($2.7B)
🇲🇴 City of Dreams, Macau ($2.4B)
🇨🇳 Shanghai Tower, China ($2.4B

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Major U.S. airlines warn 5G could ground some planes, wreak havoc and other health and technical problems

WASHINGTON, Jan 17 (Reuters) – The chief executives of major U.S. passenger and cargo carriers on Monday warned of an impending “catastrophic” aviation crisis in less than 36 hours, when AT&T (T.N) and Verizon (VZ.N) are set to deploy new 5G service.

The airlines warned the new C-Band 5G service set to begin on Wednesday could render a significant number of widebody aircraft unusable, “could potentially strand tens of thousands of Americans overseas” and cause “chaos” for U.S. flights.

“Unless our major hubs are cleared to fly, the vast majority of the traveling and shipping public will essentially be grounded,” wrote the chief executives of American Airlines (AAL.O), Delta Air Lines (DAL.N), United Airlines , Southwest Airlines (LUV.N) and others in a letter first reported by Reuters.

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has warned that potential interference could affect sensitive airplane instruments such as altimeters and significantly hamper low-visibility operations.

“This means that on a day like yesterday, more than 1,100 flights and 100,000 passengers would be subjected to cancellations, diversions or delays,” the letter cautioned.

Airlines late on Monday were considering whether to begin canceling some international flights that are scheduled to arrive in the United States on Wednesday.

“With the proposed restrictions at selected airports, the transportation industry is preparing for some service disruption. We are optimistic that we can work across industries and with government to finalize solutions that safely mitigate as many schedule impacts as possible,” plane maker Boeing (BA.N) said on Monday.

Action is urgent, the airlines added in the letter also signed by UPS Airlines (UPS.N), Alaska Air (ALK.N), Atlas Air (AAWW.O), JetBlue Airways and FedEx Express (FDX.N). “To be blunt, the nation’s commerce will grind to a halt.”

The letter went to White House National Economic Council director Brian Deese, Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg, FAA Administrator Steve Dickson and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel.

Airlines for America, the group that organized the letter, declined to comment. The FAA said it “will continue to ensure that the traveling public is safe as wireless companies deploy 5G. The FAA continues to work with the aviation industry and wireless companies to try to limit 5G-related flight delays and cancellations.” (source https://www.reuters.com/technology/exclusive-major-us-airline-ceos-urge-action-avoid-catastrophic-5g-flight-2022-01-17/ )

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Design the new logo of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) and win €5 000 !

EOSC Logo Competition

This is your opportunity to shape the visual identity of EOSC – the web of research data. Take part in the EOSC logo competition and create a new style for the European Open Science Cloud that supports cutting-edge research by providing data, tools and services.

Until 25 February 2022, the EOSC Association is accepting proposals for a logo that can be used across mediums, including, but not limited to, websites, social media and print materials. Eligible submissions will be first judged by a jury of renowned designers and EOSC experts. In a second step, shortlisted submissions will then be put to a vote by the broader EOSC community. The winner will be awarded a prize of €5 000 and will get the chance to present their work at the next EOSC Symposium, which brings together experts from across Europe.

Who can apply?
You can take part in the competition if you are a student or recent graduate (graduated in 2021) who

  • was born no earlier than 1991
  • is/ was enrolled for a bachelor or master’s degree in graphic design or a related topic
  • is completing/completed a degree in Albania, Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Republic of Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Morocco, Norway, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine and the United Kingdom.
The logo should:

  • use max. 2 colours, if needed  in addition to white and/or black.
  • be flexible enough to use in multiple sizes and formats across different digital and print mediums.
  • be easy to resize and adapt. So, we prefer a horizontal logo layout with dimensions that are adapted for website banners and headers. If you wish to submit a vertical logo, you should also submit a horizontal adaptation of the logo.
  • be adapted for use in  grayscale and on light and dark backgrounds. You can submit the logo in different colours for light and dark backgrounds if you feel this is appropriate.

The main colours of the logo should pass the WCAG’s AA-level contrast test for graphical objects and user interface components. One of the main colours as a background colour and black as the main colour should also pass the AAA-level test for small and large text. Logo compliance can be checked using any of the following sites:

The logo or parts of it will also be used by projects and organisations around EOSC to create visual cohesion across initiatives. That is why we would also like you to submit a proposal for a “co-branded” logo template that allows the name of another project to be integrated within the new logo or combined with elements of the logo.